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Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field combining the engineering and life science principles and technologies to develop functional substitutes used for tissue/organ regeneration/replacement. Tissue engineering has gained increasing interest during the last two decades owing to its great potentials. The final goal in tissue engineering is to use cells, signalling factors and biomimetic scaffolds to develop biological constructs for the repair of damaged tissue/organ. Recent advances in biomaterials and stem cell research (e.g., the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells), along with a better understanding of the role of stimuli such as mechanical forces and electromagnetic fields on the cell fate, have led to immense developments in the field. Tissue engineering studies can be performed at molecular, cellular, tissue or organ levels. Theoretical modeling of the proliferation and growth of the cells and the process of tissue regeneration is also an active field of research. Another line of research in tissue engineering aims to develop tools required for fabrication and culture of biological constructs. This includes the design of a variety of bioreactors, microfluidic chips, nanotools and nano/micro systems.
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