Materials and Energy Balance
- Introduction to Material and Energy Balances in Metallurgical Processes: systems and boundaries, processes, streams and process variables, units and calculation fundamentals
- Statistical topics related to measurement and sampling, including tools for statistical description, distributions of random variables, confidence intervals, and error analysis.
- Material Balances without Chemical Reactions: overall and component balances, basis of calculation, composition and grade, unit conversions
- Material Balances in Multi-stream and Multistage Processes including interconnected processes and recycle streams
- Material Balances with Chemical Reactions: stoichiometry, limiting reactants, conversion, yield, and selectivity
- Material Balances in Metallurgical Processes: furnaces, roasting, reduction, smelting, slag formation, combustion and process gases.
- Fundamentals of Energy Balances: first law of thermodynamics, internal energy, enthalpy, work, and heat
- Energy Balances without Chemical Reactions: heating and cooling, phase changes, sensible and latent heat
- Energy Balances with Chemical Reactions: heat of reaction, enthalpy of formation, reaction enthalpy, and temperature effects
- Simultaneous Material and Energy Balances in metallurgical processes
- Energy Balances in Furnaces and Thermal Processes: combustion, off-gases, heat losses, and thermal efficiency
- Methods for Solving Complex Balance Problems: simultaneous equations, degrees of freedom, choice of unknowns, and numerical methods
- Applications to Selected Metallurgical Processes: case studies in metal extraction, production, and recycling
- Applications to Selected Metallurgical Processes: case studies in metal extraction, production, and recycling