Advanced Chemical Reactor Design
- A brief review on the basic principles of chemical reaction engineering; effect of temperature on the rate of reactions; dependency of equilibrium coefficient on temperature; general graphical design procedure; temperature versus conversion chart; temperature progression; determination of the size of reactor for a given temperature progression; optimum temperature progression
- Design of non-isothermal batch reactors; adiabatic batch reactors; adiabatic operating line; design of adiabatic and non-adiabatic mixed reactors; design of non-isothermal plug flow reactors
- Stability of chemical reactors; effect of temperature on product distribution and rate of multiple reactions; optimum product distribution in parallel and series reactions; temperature and reactor size for maximum production of a desired product in parallel and series reactions
- Deviation of real reactors from ideal vessels; non-ideal flow; residence time distribution of fluid in reactors (RTD); experimental methods for the determination of RTD; stimulus-response technique; tracer analysis; step and delta function input signals; mean and variance of RTD curves; convolution integral and its application in tracer analysis
- Linear and non-linear processes; closed and open vessels; determination of conversion directly from tracer information in linear systems; models for non-ideal flow, single and multi parameters models, dimensionless quantities and functions
- Dispersion model; axial dispersion coefficient, vessel dispersion number, derivation of dispersion model for small extent of dispersion; dispersion model for large extents of dispersion in closed and open vessels; methods for measurement of vessel dispersion number
- Intensity of dispersion in packed beds and tubes; chemical reaction in dispersed plug flow reactors; tanks in series model as an alternative to dispersion model; closed recirculation systems and recirculation with throughflow
- Multi parameter models for complex systems and far from ideal; real stirred tank reactors; short time scale models; bulk dispersion coefficient; long time scale models, diagnosing ills of operating equipments, internal age distribution function
- Models for fluidized bed systems; two region models; hydrodynamic flow models; Kunii and Levenspiel model; mixing of fluids; micro and macro fluids, earliness of mixing and degree of segregation; performance of reactors with macro fluids; early and late mixing of fluids in different vessels;
- Factors affecting the performance of a reactor; models for partial segregation; Danckwerts' model of intensity of segregation; coalescence model, mixing of two miscible fluids; product distribution in fast and extremely fast multiple reactions
- Multi phase systems; models for straight mass transfer processes without chemical reactions; two film theory and its limitations; surface renewal models, Higbie and Danckwerts' models; comparison between the two classes of mass transfer models
- Mass transfer with chemical reaction; classification of heterogeneous reactions; overall rate of heterogeneous reactions; slow, fast and instantaneous reactions; heterogeneous reactions in packed towers and ideal and non ideal tubular reactors
- Solid catalysts; selectivity and activity of catalysts; active site; resistances in solid catalyzed reactions; fluid film resistance, pore diffusion resistance; surface phenomena resistance, resistance to heat flow; mechanisms of catalytic reactions based on active sites theory; Langmuir-Hinshelwood model; Eley-Rideal formulation
- Pore diffusion resistance in a single cylindrical pore; pore diffusion resistance in a spherical catalyst pellet; Thiele modulus; effectiveness factor; concept of strong pore resistance; Weisz and Prater criterion for presence or absence of pore diffusion
- Heat effects during catalytic reactions; within particle temperature variation and film temperature difference; concentration and temperature distribution within catalyst pellet; non-isothermal effectiveness factor; experimental methods for the determination of reaction rates; differential reactors; integral plug flow reactors; mixed and recycle reactors;
- Determination of controlling resistances; design of catalytic reactors; packed bed reactors; staged adiabatic packed bed reactors; staged packed beds with inter cooling; staged packed beds with recycle; cold shot cooling; fluidized bed as a catalytic reactor