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Organic Chem (I)

1- Introduction to organic chemistry; stating its goals and importance (1 week)
2- Organic compounds and theories related to their structure (1-2 weeks) • Review of Lewis chemical bond theory (ionic, covalent bonds, conventional charges, octet rule and electronegativity) • Resonance (resonance forms, stability study and resonance hybrids) • Molecular orbital theory (review of wave functions and electron motion, atomic orbitals, molecular orbitals, VSEPR theory, hybrid orbitals and determination of electron configuration and molecular geometry)
3- Properties of organic compounds and their reactivity (1-2 weeks) • Acids and bases (Arrhenius, Lowry-Br?nsted and Lewis theories, introduction of nucleophiles and electrophiles, determination of acid strength using Pka and investigation of elemental, inductive, hybridization and resonance effects on it and acid and base equilibrium reactions) • Introduction to functional groups (determination of nucleophilic and electrophilic sites in chemical reactions)
4- Alkanes (1-2 weeks) • Linear alkanes (study of conformations and determination of their stability, Newman scheme, dihedral angles and energy level diagram of conformational transformations) • Cyclic alkanes (study of stability and internal ring pressure, study of conformations and their stability, axial and equatorial substitutions, 1- and 3-biaxial interactions, Ring Flip and energy level diagram of conformational transformations)
5- Stereochemistry (1-2 weeks) • Introduction to the concept of chirality (chiral compounds, enantiomers, optical activity, Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rule, R and S configurations, diastereomers and meso compounds) • Effect of stereochemistry on organic reactions (optical activity in reactions, effect of hybridization and stereochemistry on product configuration)
6- Alkenes (1-2 weeks) • Linear alkenes (study of hybridization, molecular geometry, vicinal and geminal isomers, cis and trans isomers and determination of their stability) • Cyclic alkenes (study of hybridization, molecular geometry and configuration) • Dienes (study of isolated and conjugated dienes, conformations of dienes and mechanism and stereochemistry of the Diels-Alder reaction)
7- Haloalkanes and introduction of nucleophilic and elimination substitution reactions (2-3 weeks) • Introduction to haloalkanes (determination of the type of haloalkane, dipole moment of the C-X bond, determination of nucleophilic and electrophilic sites and their reactivity) • Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions SN2 (study of the mechanism, energy diagram, transition state stability, product stereochemistry and factors affecting the reaction rate including substrate, type and str
8- Alcohols, Ethers and Epoxides (2-3 weeks) • Alcohols (Synthesis reactions of alcohols using nucleophilic substitution and organometallic Grignard and lithium agents, investigation of reactivity and elimination reactions, halogenation, esterification and oxidation of alcohols) • Ethers (Williamson ether synthesis reaction, investigation of ether reactivity and ether cleavage reaction) • Epoxides (Epoxidation reactions, investigation of reactivity and ring-opening reactions of epoxides in th
9- Aromatic compounds and their reactions (2-3 weeks) • The concept of aromaticity and its determination (study of the stability of aromatic, non-aromatic and antiaromatic compounds, Frost ring and H?ckels rule) • The benzene ring and its derivatives (electrophilic substitution reactions of the benzene ring and their mechanisms, halogenation, nitration, sulfonation and acylation and Friedel-Crafts alkylation, determination of activating and deactivating ring substituents, investigation of cond
10- Carbonyl Group and Its Reactions (1-2 weeks) • Carbonyl Derivatives (Type 1 and Type 2 Derivatives, Comparison of Reactivity of Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, Acid Chlorides, Anhydrides, Esters and Amides, Investigation of Reactions of Carbonyl Derivatives as Electrophiles)