Specific topics (Quantum computers: physical realization)
- 1. A review of the required quantum fundamentals
Hilbert space and qubits
Superposition and entanglement
Density matrix
Uniform operators and measurement
- 2. Physical Implementation Criteria
DiVincenzo Criteria
Scalability
Initialization
Readout
Physical Quantum Gates
- 3. Physical Qubit Platforms
Superconducting Qubits
(Used at IBM and Google)
Josephson junction
Transmon qubit
Quantum LC circuits
Resonator coupling
- 4. Ion traps
(used in IonQ)
Paul trap
Laser cooling
Vibrational mode gates
- 5.Photonic Qubits
Linear Optics
Single-Photon Source
Photon Detection
- 6. Decoherence and Noise
Times T1 and T2
Noise Channels (Bit-flip, Phase-flip)
Environment and Interaction with It
Lindblad Model
- 7. Control and readout of qubits
Microwave pulses
Laser control
Rabi oscillation
Ramsey experiment
- 8. Quantum error correction
Quantum error correction codes
Surface code
Fault tolerance
Threshold theorem
- 9. Architecture and Scalability
Connectivity
2D lattice
Cryogenics
Packaging and wiring
- 10. NISQ Systems
Limitations of Current Devices
Benchmarking
Fidelity
Quantum volume