Cellular Mechanics
- 1- Why cell mechanics?: the role of cell microenvironment in the adjustment of cell behavior and tissue equilibrium, definition of cell microenvironment including neighboring cells, ECM, and blood vessels, distinction between chemical and mechanical mircoenvironments, definition of cell miro-mechanical environment based on the mechanical properties of ECM, cells and external forces
2- Examples of effects of micro-mechanical environment on the cell behaviors under external loading and alteration
- Examples of effects of micro-mechanical environment on the cell behaviors under external loading and alterations in the substrate stiffness: stem cells, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, osetocytes, chondrocytes, muscle cells and cancer cells
- introduction to multiscale structure of tissue-cell-protein, their relation and interactions, and the importance of cell mechanics in multiscale modeling
- Cell mechanics in morphogenesis: pattern formation by cells in creation and regulation of tissues, Turing model in morphogenesis with chemical stimuulation, mechanical stimulation in Turing model, other models in morphogenesis, examples of mechanics of pattern formation by cells: cell surface tension, cell contractility, mechanical instability
- Cell mechanics in morphogenesis: pattern formation by cells in creation and regulation of tissues, Turing model in morphogenesis with chemical stimuulation, mechanical stimulation in Turing model, other models in morphogenesis, examples of mechanics of pattern formation by cells: cell surface tension, cell contractility, mechanical instability
- Examples of cell mechanics in cell behavior: cell motility in cancer, cell traction in cancer, cell motility in angiogenenesis, cell motility in wound healing, cell mechanical properties in response to external forces
- Molecular biology: cell biololecules, adhesion proteins, cytoskeleton structure proteins, actin-myosin structure
- Principles of mechanical stress and strain: the concept of stress/strain and the requirement of its study in cell behavior, stress and strain from continuum mechanics perspective, vectors and tensors of stress and strain, elasticity tensor, linear elasticity, The relation between elasticity tensor and mechanical properties, Stress - strain relation in linear elasticity, isotropic materials, Transverse isotropic materials, Orthotropic materials, Nonlinear elasticity & Large deformation, Viscoelas
- Specific examples in solid mechanics: Can we simplify biological tissues/cells?, Normal stress in uniaxial extension, Shear stress in torsion, Bending in linear elasticity, Buckling in linear elasticity, Non-linear elasticity, Mechanics of large deformation
- Fluid mechanics: Definition of fluid, fluid statics, Navier Stoks equations, steady and pulsatile flows in cylindrical tubes, Viscosity in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids
- Statistical mechanics, Applications of statistical mechanics and molecular dynamics in the function of proteins
- Mechanical model of cells and the constitutive equations: continuum mechanics models, foam model, spring-dashpot models, tensegrity models, hybrid models
- Fundamental equations in protein mechanics: cytoskeletal structure as a polymer network and relevant theories, polymerization kinematics
Persistence length, Freely jointed chain (FJC), Worm-like chain (WLC), cell membraneand its mechanics, in plane bending and shear, role of mechanical environment in the function of membrane, the connective proteins, membrane proteins, cell signaling and chemical-mechanical signaling pathways, the synergy between chemical and mechanical pathways, Cell mechanotr
- Application of cell mechanics in the analysis of cell behaviors: cell contractile forces, the physical actin-myosin model, transduction of contractile forces to the membrane, cell traction forces, traction force microscopy, mechanics of cell motility, mechanisms of cell motility, mechanical models of cell motility, random walk, computational modeling in cell motility (cellular automata, cellular pots), mechanics of cell adhesion (peeling model, spring and dashpot model), strength of adhesion pro
- Cell mechanics in disease development, remodeling and healing
Atherosclerosis: mechanical environment of the arterial wall (tensile and shear stresses), plaque formation and the role of mechanical stresses, plaque growth, types of arterial plaques, altered phenotypic behavior and migration of smooth muscle cells towards plaque location, alterations in the phenotypic behavior of endothelial cells towards mesenchymal phenotype, plaque fracture and erosion, thrombogenesis and arterial obstruction
- Cancer: mechanics of cancer cells in tumor genesis and growth, mechanical of fibroblasts in tumor growth and metastasis, mechanics of endothelial cells in tumor angiogenesis, mechanics of macrophages in tumor growth, migration of cancer cells towards generation of the secondary tumors.
- Bone fracture and healing: changes in phenotypic behavior of bone cells and their mechanical properties during fracture, migration of cells in fracture site, bone absorption and resorption by osteoblasts and osteoclasts in response to changes in stress/strain distribution, changes in mechanical properties in fracture site during healing
- Experimental techniques in evaluation of cell mechanics
Atomic force microscopy, micropipette aspiration, traction force microscopy, other microscopy methods, data analysis with statistical methods and artificial intelligence