Crystallography
- Chapter 1 Crystals and crystal structures
1.1 The nature of the crystalline state
1.2 Constructing crystals from close-packed hexagonal layers of atoms
1.3 Unit cells of the hcp and ccp structures
1.4 Constructing crystals from square layers of atoms
1.5 Constructing body-centred cubic crystals
1.6 Interstitial structures
1.7 Some simple ionic and covalent structures
1.8 Representing crystals in projection: crystal plans
1.9 Stacking faults and twins
- 1.10 The crystal chemistry of inorganic compounds
1.10.1 Bonding in inorganic crystals
1.10.2 Representing crystals in terms of coordination polyhedra
1.11 Introduction to some more complex crystal structures
1.11.1 Perovskite (CaTiO3), barium titanate (BaTiO3) and related structures
1.11.2 Tetrahedral and octahedral structuressilicon carbide and alumina
- 1.11.3 The oxides and oxy-hydroxides of iron
1.11.4 Silicate structures
1.11.5 The structures of silica, ice and water
1.11.6 The structures of carbon
Solving exercises
- Chapter 2 Two-dimensional patterns, lattices and symmetry
2.1 Approaches to the study of crystal structures
2.2 Two-dimensional patterns and lattices
2.3 Two-dimensional symmetry elements
2.4 The five plane lattices
2.5 The seventeen plane groups
2.6 One-dimensional symmetry: border or frieze patterns
2.7 Symmetry in art and design: counterchange patterns
2.8 Layer (two-sided) symmetry and examples in woven textiles
2.9 Non-periodic patterns and tilings
- Chapter 3 Bravais lattices and crystal systems
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The fourteen space (Bravais) lattices
3.3 The symmetry of the fourteen Bravais lattices: crystal systems
3.4 The coordination or environments of Bravais lattice
points: space-filling polyhedra
- Chapter 4 Crystal symmetry: point groups, space groups, symmetry-related properties and quasiperiodic crystals
4.1 Symmetry and crystal habit
4.2 The thirty-two crystal classes
4.3 Centres and inversion axes of symmetry
4.4 Crystal symmetry and properties
4.5 Translational symmetry elements
- 4.6 Space groups
4.7 Bravais lattices, space groups and crystal structures
4.8 The crystal structures and space groups of organic compounds
4.8.1 The close packing of organic molecules
4.8.2 Long-chain polymer molecules
4.9 Quasiperiodic crystals or crystalloids
- Chapter 5 Describing lattice planes and directions in crystals: Miller indices and zone axis symbols
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Indexing lattice directionszone axis symbols
5.3 Indexing lattice planesMiller indices
5.4 Miller indices and zone axis symbols in cubic crystals
5.5 Lattice plane spacings, Miller indices and Laue indices
5.6 Zones, zone axes and the zone law, the addition rule
5.7 Indexing in the trigonal and hexagonal systems:
Weber symbols and Miller-Bravais indices
5.8 Transfo
- Solving Exercises
- Solving Exercises
Midterm exam
- Chapter 6 The reciprocal lattice
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Reciprocal lattice vectors
6.3 Reciprocal lattice unit cells
6.4 Reciprocal lattice cells for cubic crystals
6.5 Proofs of some geometrical relationships using reciprocal lattice vectors
6.6 Lattice planes and reciprocal lattice planes
- Chapter 7 The diffraction of light
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Simple observations of the diffraction of light
7.3 The nature of light: coherence, scattering and
interference
7.4 Analysis of the geometry of diffraction patterns from gratings and nets
7.5 The resolving power of optical instruments: the telescope, camera, microscope and the eye
- Chapter 8 X-ray diffraction: the contributions of Max von Laue, W. H. and W. L. Bragg and P. P. Ewald
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Laue's analysis of X-ray diffraction: the three Laue equations
8.3 Bragg's analysis of X-ray diffraction: Bragg's law
8.4 Ewald's synthesis: the reflecting sphere construction
- Chapter 9 The diffraction of X-rays
9.1 Introduction
9.2 The intensities of X-ray diffracted beams:
the structure factor equation and its applications
9.3 The broadening of diffracted beams: reciprocal lattice points and nodes
9.3.1 The Scherrer equation: reciprocal lattice points and nodes
9.3.2 Integrated intensity and its importance
9.3.3 Crystal size and perfection: mosaic structure and
coherence length
9.4 Fixed ?, varying ? X-ray techniques: the Laue method
- 9.5 Fixed ?, varying ? X-ray techniques:
oscillation, rotation and precession methods
9.5.1 The oscillation method
9.5.2 The rotation method
9.5.3 The precession method
9.6 X-ray diffraction from single crystal thin films
and multilayers
9.7 X-ray (and neutron) diffraction from ordered crystals
9.8 Practical considerations: X-ray sources and recording techniques
9.8.1 The generation of X-rays in X-ray tubes
9.8.2 Synchrotron X-ray generation
9.8.3 X-ray recording techniques
- Chapter 10 X-ray diffraction of polycrystalline materials
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The geometrical basis of polycrystalline (powder) X-ray
diffraction techniques
10.3 Some applications of X-ray diffraction techniques in polycrystalline materials
10.3.1 Accurate lattice parameter measurements
10.3.2 Identification of unknown phases
10.3.3 Measurement of crystal (grain) size
10.3.4 Measurement of internal elastic strains
10.4 Preferred orientation (texture, fabric) and its
measurement
10.