Process Dynamics and Control
- Introduction: the importance of process control with real-life examples; basic definitions and concepts
- Dynamic modeling using mass and energy conservation laws and resulting ordinary-differential equations; dynamic behavior of simple processes
- Laplace transform 1: definitions; Laplace transform of simple functions; solving ordinary-differential equations using Laplace transform
- Laplace transform 2: process examples; dynamic response of processes using Laplace transform; linearization of nonlinear models
- Behavior of first- and second-order systems; response to common input changes (step, ramp, sinusoidal)
- Behavior of more complicated systems: systems with time delay and numerator dynamics; approximation of higher-order systems
- Feedback control: related concepts, on/off control, modes of PID controller and their characteristics
- PID controllers: common algorithms; modifications for improved performance (e.g., two degrees of freedom); reset windup and ways to mitigate it
- Control system instrumentation: sensors, transmitters, and transducers, dynamic measurement errors, final control element, valve characteristics and dynamics
- Closed-loop stability analysis 1: closed-loop block diagram and transfer function, closed-loop response of simple systems, stability and root locus diagrams
- Closed-loop stability analysis 2: closed-loop block diagram and transfer function, closed-loop response of simple systems, stability and root locus diagrams
- Frequency response analysis 1: frequency response of transfer functions, Bode diagram and its application to stability analysis
- Frequency response analysis 2: Bode diagram and its application to stability analysis, PID tuning
- Feedforward control: applications, design of feedforward controllers, combined feedback-feedforward control
- Enhanced control loops: selective (override) and their applications, cascade control, time delay compensation