The Measurement of Engineering Quantities
- Introduction
Description of measurement, Parameters affects choosing an appropriate instrument, Definition of the important terms (uncertainty, calibration, linearity, accuracy, and…), Developed measuring systems
- Analysis and interpretation of measured data
Mean value, Description of statistical characteristics, Chavnet theory, Error analysis, Histogram, Normal distribution, Chi square test, Least square method, Curve fitting and Graphical analysis, Correlation factor
- Pressure measurement
Definition of the terms, Pressure units, Manometers (U type, well type, barometer, Mac lead), Pressure indicator based on load balancing (Diaphragms, Bellows, Burdon), Dead weight gauge, Electrical pressure gauges (Pirani, Knudsen, Thermocouples, Strain gages), Ionization gauges (Electron type, Alpha type) and the others (Resonant wire, Capacitive pressure sensors, Intelligent pressure transducers and..)
- Flow meters
Definitions and units, Important terms, Positive dispacement methods (such as; Nutating disk, Rotary vane, Lobbed impeller, Reciprocating piston), Flow meters for open channels, Head flow meters (Orifice, Nozzle, Venturi, Dhal tube), Area flow meters (Rotameter, Piston), Pitot tube, non-mechanical flow meter (Magnetic, Hot wire, Strain gauge, Turbine, Dupler and.. ), Mass flow meters (conveyor, Coriolis, Thermal)
- Viscosity Measurment
Definitions and units, Viscosity variation in liquid and polymer melts, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, Viscoelastic materials, Viscometers for Newtonian materials (Ostwald, Ubbelohde, Saybolt, Capillary, Rotameter), Viscometers for non-Newtonian viscose materials (Falling body, Brookfield, Stormer and … ), Viscometers for viscoelastic polymeric materials (Money, ODR, MDR, RMS, RPA, MFI, Capillary and ..)
- Temperature Measurement
Principle and units, Standard points, Errors, Thermal expansion methods (Liquid in glass, Vapor and gas pressure, and Bimetal), Electrical methods (resistance thermometers, Thermoelectric effects, Thermocouple and Thermopile), Other methods (Optical pyrometer, Radiation pyrometers, and
- Constituent parts of a control system
Block diagram, Control system methods (on off, Proportional, Derivative and Integral control systems), Control valves .